□□□T□e□on□eptofR□n□haDeBenYuanc□□bet□□ced□ac□□oanci□ntChine□ephilosophy□pa□□ic□l□□lyC□n□ucian□sma□dD□□ism.Co□fu□ius,□n□ofthe□□□tinfluen□□□lph□los□phers□nCh□ne□ehisto□y□e□p□asizedth□□□portanceof□en(仁),□hic□□anbet□□n□lated□s□b□nevo□e□c□"or"h□m□nen□ss."Acc□rdi□gto□□n□uc□u□,Renis□he□undame□t□l□i□tuetha□de□□n□shuma□na□□rean□gui□e□m□r□lbehavi□□□□aoistp□ilos□□her□,ont□□otherh□nd,focuse□o□the□atur□landspon□aneo□saspe□ts□fhum□nnat□□e,advoca□i□gfo□□re□u□□□o□im□l□c□t□□ndh□rmo□□□itht□eD□□(□□,ort□e□a□.□□□co□□eptofRe□Zh□□eBenY□an□anbetr□□edba□kt□an□ient□hinese□hi□□sop□y,□artic□la□lyConf□c□anism□ndDa□ism.Con□u□ius,on□□fthemost□□flu□n□ial□h□lo□□phe□sinChi□e□ehistory□□m□□□sizedt□eim□ortan□□ofRe□(□),w□ichcan□etra□slateda□"□en□vo□en□□"□□□h□manen□ss.□□□□ordin□toCo□fuc□us,Re□ist□efu□da□□ntal□irt□□th□□□efi□e□humannature□n□gui□esmoralb□ha□ior.D□□istphi□□sophers,□nth□o□herhand,focu□edon□he□□tur□landspo□ta□e□usasp□c□sofh□mannat□re,adv□□atin□□or□re□u□□to□impl□cityand□ar□on□wi□htheD□o□□),o□t□e□ay.□h□co□□eptof□en□haDeB□nYuanc□n□etra□e□back□o□nc□ent□hine□ephil□sop□y,parti□u□ar□y□onf□□i□ni□mandDaoism.Con□□cius,one□□themo□tinfl□enti□lphilos□pher□in□□i□e□e□□s□or□,e□p□□sized□heimp□□t□nc□of□en□仁),□□ic□c□nb□□r□n□l□t□das"benevolenc□"□r"□umanen□□□."□c□ordingtoC□nfucius,Re□isthefund□mental□irtu□th□tdefine□hu□annatu□□□ndguid□□mo□□l□ehavior□Daois□ph□losop□ers,ontheothe□h□nd,f□cus□□onthenaturalandspo□taneousaspectsofhumannature,□dvo□ati□g□o□ar□tu□ntos□m□lici□□□n□□armonywit□t□□Dao□□),□r□□e□□y.T□e□on□□□to□□enZh□DeB□nYu□nc□nbet□a□□□b□ckt□an□□ent□h□□e□e□hil□□□ph□,par□□cula□lyC□nfucia□ismandDaoism.Con□u□ius,oneofth□mo□t□n□luentialphil□s□ph□rsinC□inese□□story,em□ha□izedt□ei□p□rtanc□ofR□n(仁),whichcanbe□□anslateda□□be□□vo□enc□"o□"□□m□neness."□□cording□□C□nf□□ius□□enisthe□u□dam□□t□□virtuet□at□e□ine□h□mannature□ndguid□smor□lbeh□□□or.D□ois□□hil□sop□e□s,ont□eoth□□han□,□oc□sed□nth□n□□uralan□□p□□□ane□□sas□□ctso□h□mann□ture,ad□ocating□ora□eturn□os□mpli□it□□ndhar□ony□□t□theDao□道),or□h□Way.□he□oncep□o□Re□Z□a□eBenY□ancanbe□ra□□□bac□□oa□cientC□inese□hilo□□ph□□pa□ti□ularlyCon□□ci□n□s□□nd□a□ism.Confucius,o□eof□hemosti□f□ue□t□□lphilosop□□□s□nChin□se□is□ory,e□ph□□i□e□□hei□p□rtanceof□e□□仁),whic□canbet□ansl□ted□□"benev□lence"□r"h□ma□e□□ss."□□cor□ing□o□onf□c□us,Re□i□thefun□ame□t□lv□rtuet□at□□□□□□shuma□□a□ureandguid□sm□□a□□eh□□ior□D□oistph□lo□ophers,□nt□eoth□r□□□d,foc□sedo□th□na□ural□□dsp□□□aneous□s□ect□ofhumannat□re,advocatingf□raret□rntosi□pli□i□□□n□harmo□□□it□theDao(道),ortheW□y." />
T□eco□□eptofRe□Zh□DeBenY□an□anbetra□edbacktoancient□hinese□hilosop□y,□articula□lyConf□c□anism□ndDaoism.Con□u□ius,oneofthemosti□flu□n□ialph□losophersinChi□e□ehistory□□m□□asizedt□eimportan□□ofRe□(□),w□ichcan□etra□slateda□"ben□vo□en□□"□□"humaneness.□A□□ordingtoCo□fuc□us,Renist□efu□da□□ntal□irtu□thatdefi□eshumannature□n□guidesmoralbeha□ior.D□oistphi□osophers,onth□o□herhand,focusedonthen□tur□landsponta□eousaspec□sofhumannat□re,advocatin□forare□u□□tosimplicityandhar□onywi□htheD□o(道),orthe□ay. □h□co□ceptof□enZhaDeBenYuancan□etrace□backto□ncient□hinesephilosophy,parti□ular□yConfu□i□nismandDaoism.Conf□cius,one□□themo□tinfluentialphilos□pher□inC□ine□e□□s□or□,e□p□asizedtheimportanc□of□en(仁),□hichc□nb□tr□nsl□t□das"benevolence"or"□umanen□□s."AccordingtoC□nfucius,Re□isthefundamental□irtu□th□tdefineshumannature□ndguid□smor□lbehavior□Daoistphilosophers,ontheotherh□nd,focusedonthenaturalandspo□taneousaspectsofhumannature,□dvo□ating□o□aretu□ntos□mplici□□□n□□armonywithth□Dao(□),□rthe□ay.□> The□oncepto□□enZhaDeBenYu□nc□nbet□a□e□b□ckt□anc□entChine□e□hilos□ph□,par□□cula□lyConfucia□ismandDaoism.Con□ucius,oneofthemost□n□luentialphilos□ph□rsinChinese□□story,em□ha□izedt□ei□portanceofR□n(仁),whichcanbe□ranslatedas□be□□vo□enc□"o□"h□maneness."A□cording□□C□nfucius,Renisthe□undament□lvirtuet□at□e□inesh□mannature□ndguid□smor□lbeha□□or.Daoist□hil□sophe□s,ontheothe□hand,□ocused□nth□na□uralandsp□□tane□□sasp□ctso□humann□ture,ad□ocating□orareturn□os□mpli□ity□ndharmonywit□theDao(道),ortheWay. □heconcep□o□Re□Z□a□eBenY□ancanbe□rac□□bac□toancientChinesephilo□oph□□pa□ti□ularlyConfucian□s□and□a□ism.Confucius,o□eofthemosti□f□ue□t□alphilosoph□□s□nChin□sehistory,e□ph□si□ed□hei□p□rtanceofRe□(仁),whichcanbet□anslated□s"benevolence"□r"h□ma□e□ess."□ccordingtoConfucius,Renisthefundame□t□lv□rtuethatdefineshuma□□a□ureandguid□smoral□ehavior□Daoistph□losophers,□ntheoth□r□a□d,foc□sedonthenaturalandsp□ntaneousaspectsofhumannat□re,advocatingf□rareturntosi□plici□yandharmo□□wit□theDao(道),ortheWay.